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Growth hormone

Growth hormone is known as human growth hormone or somatotropin as the substance that controls the growth of the human body, as this hormone is very important and necessary for the normal growth and development of the child, when growth hormone is secreted in excess leads to a disorder called limb hypertrophy, and high blood pressure And heart attacks, and growth hormone deficiency causes brain diseases, growth retardation, obesity, and also delayed puberty, and the following will be shown the most important tasks that it performs:[2][3]

• It regulates the metabolism of both children and adults.
• Regulating the rate at which the body produces energy from food.
• Contributes to the synthesis of fats, proteins and glucose.
• Contributes to the regulation of red blood cell production and muscle mass.
• The hormone stimulates the liver, which contributes to the formation of a substance called insulin-like growth factor.
• Promote bone growth from birth to adulthood, because bones need enough growth hormone in childhood and adolescence to gain the appropriate height.

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When does height growth stop for girls?

The growth of height in girls It stops at the end of adolescence and reaching adulthood, As the stage of puberty begins and ends at different ages, and there is no specific age at which a person’s height stops growing, in addition to the fact that the height of parents affects the determination of the length of their children, where the length of females often stops growing in the period ranging from 14 to 17 years Depending on the age at which puberty began, females may begin puberty from the age of 8 to 13 years, when the female is eight years old, her length depends on the age of 13, but if puberty is at the age of 12 years, her length depends on the age of 17 general.[1][4]

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The development of height in humans

The human being goes through many stages of growth, as it begins in the stage of growth before birth, as it is considered one of the fastest stages, and the length of the fetus when it completes the ninth month is 50 centimeters, and after that the growth rate begins to decrease until reaching puberty, and in the stage of puberty, the speed of growth begins to increase Where it witnesses the so-called growth spurt, which is a noticeable increase in human height, as this happens through an increase in the length of the bones, where there are so-called growth plates or epiphyseal plates, and when a person progresses into puberty, they fuse and stop growing, and there is a difference in the The timing of the length of the bones from one place to another, as the bones of the spine are the last bones that stop growing, while the bones of the hands and feet are the first to stop growing, then the arms and legs follow, and females are taller than males in early adolescence, because they are They experience a growth spurt two years earlier than males.[1][4]

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Puberty changes in females

Puberty is considered as the transitional stage between childhood and maturity, as it includes physical, sexual, psychological and social maturity, as it occurs in females in the age group between 8-13 years, and there are factors that affect puberty, the most important of which are weight, nutrition and health There are many changes that occur to females during this stage, the most important of which are:[5]

• Change in body shape.
• Hair growth in the pubic area and under the armpits.
• The onset of menstruation, which is known as the menstrual cycle.
• The secretion of female hormones, which is the appearance of acne.
• Secretion of hormones related to puberty, such as increased sweating.
• Rapid increase in height and weight, which can be considered a female growth spurt.
• Breasts increase in size and thigh bones widen, and the body begins to transform from a childish appearance to a feminine appearance.
• The emergence of some mood disorders during that period due to hormonal changes such as: irritability, sleep disturbance, lack of self-confidence and some sadness.

Stages of puberty in females

The stages of puberty in females were divided into five stages, according to the rate of body growth and change in shape, in addition to the appearance of pubic hair and an increase in breast size, as well as sweating and the appearance of acne, which were classified according to the change in height, which is as follows:[6]

• The first stage: Increase in height per year from 5 to 6 cm.
• The second phase: This stage is characterized by rapid growth and an increase in the length of the female in a year, about 7 to 8 cm.
• third level: It is considered a fast-growing stage, where the girl is about twelve years old and her height increases by about 8 cm per year.
• The fourth stage: At this stage, he begins to gradually reduce growth, as the length increases by less than 7 cm per year.
• level five: When a girl reaches the age of 17, growth stops.

Causes of short stature in females

There are many reasons related to short stature or dwarfism in girls, some of them may be genetic, due to chronic diseases, or they are natural and related to puberty, and the following will explain the most prominent of these reasons:

Natural short stature

The cases of natural short stature are the result of a certain pathological condition, where the child is healthy and grows at the normal rate, and the reason behind the natural short stature in many cases is unknown, as his height is either less than the average or a delay in puberty in the family history And there may be growth disorders or certain health problems, in addition to a delay in structural growth, as it appears in children due to a delay in the age of the bone, and this means that their skeletal growth is younger than their age in years.[7]

hereditary short stature

Children with hereditary short stature have one or both parents of short stature, as the bones of these children grow normally, as these children reach puberty in their natural time and complete their growth completely, so that their height matches the height of the parents, and when they are shown The child needs the specialist to request laboratory tests, while some of them do not resort to them, as the result will sometimes be normal.[8]

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health problems

There are many growth problems that differ according to the type of developmental disorder present, as it is linked to genes, while others are related to hormonal problems or due to poor food absorption. The following will show some health problems and diseases:[9[10]

• Malnutrition.
• chronic diseases.
• Psychological stress.
• some medicine.
• Endocrine diseases, which include hyposecretion of growth hormone, hypothyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome.
• Congenital problems such as: incomplete intrauterine growth, chromosomal abnormalities, early puberty, and skeletal abnormalities.

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Exercises that help increase female height

There is an opportunity through which the female can work to increase her height through exercise, which takes many forms and method of exercise, and the following will be the most prominent of these exercises:[11][12]

• Jumping exercise: It includes bungee jumping or just jumping without tools, it stimulates well to increase height.
• Yoga exercise: Yoga is one of the best exercises to increase height, as it helps to stretch the body and relax.
• Feet touch exercise It is an exercise that depends mainly on stretching, where you must stand upright and then bend over to touch the feet while avoiding bending the back. This exercise, due to the person not having enough flexibility at first, is difficult to do.
• Attachment exercises: It is one of the exercises that depends on stretching and tightening based on the weight of the person, as it is attached to something high from the ground, thus allowing the weight of the body and pulling it down, and it must be continued for at least 10 minutes a day, in order to obtain better results.
• Cobra stretch: It is one of the yoga exercises inspired by the movements of animals, so that you lie on the abdomen like a cobra, then work to extend the front torso of the body towards the top and hold this movement for the longest period, as this exercise helps to stretch the body and bones, in addition to that it increases Its length and flexibility.
• swimming: It is considered one of the types of sports that works to tighten and stretch the body continuously, as when it is practiced continuously, it increases the height, and it must be continued for long periods and under the supervision of specialized people.

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Tips to increase female height

• Exercising on a daily basis: Such as swimming, yoga, jogging or basketball, cycling, or walking at least five hours a week.
• aFor regular stretching exercises: It is one of the exercises that helps to increase the length of the body, as it is done by focusing on the legs, neck and spine.
• Intake of foods rich in niacin: This is because it helps the body to secrete growth hormone at a high rate, and these foods contain avocado, liver and peas.
• Daily sun exposure: It is also possible to eat foods that contain vitamin D, as it is one of the things that contribute to building the body and giving it energy and additional length.
• Eat foods rich in protein: Like leafy vegetables, eggs, yogurt, almonds and fish, they also have a great role in building the muscles of the body.
• Eat foods rich in vitamin AIt contributes to the metabolism process, as well as building bones and muscles, and vitamin A is available in potatoes, leafy vegetables, mangoes, and carrots.
• Eat foods rich in zinc: Since zinc helps with cell division, as well as protein production, which stimulates the secretion of growth hormone, it is available in chicken, shellfish, legumes, and nuts.
• Regular eating of the three main meals: In addition to snacks that contain grains and nuts.

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Tips and advice for parents

There are some tips and instructions that can benefit parents, through which they can help them with periodic examinations at the doctor, in addition to constantly monitoring the child’s growth rate. The most important of these tips are:[13][14]

• Refer to the pediatrician, as he uses the standard growth chart to follow the child’s growth rate, in addition to the possibility of estimating the child’s height at puberty using the chart, and the child’s body measurements can be compared with the expected measurements for children.
• Measure the child’s height at regular intervals.
• Keep a record of the child’s weight and height at regular intervals.
• Monitoring the growth rate of the child, especially those with short stature.